Appendix I

Miscellaneous Cisco Topics

 

In This Chapter

Appendix I

Miscellaneous Cisco Topics

Syslog Configuration and Cisco Devices

 

© Peter Harrison, www.linuxhomenetworking.com

 

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

We briefly discuss some miscellaneous topics in this chapter that are beyond the scope of this book with the intention that you will be stimulated to consider utilizing some of the technologies discussed to improve your website and / or your SOHO network.

Syslog Configuration and Cisco Devices

Syslog reserves facilities "local0" through "local7" for log messages received from remote servers and network devices. Routers, switches, firewalls and load balancers each logging with a different facility can each have their own log files for easy troubleshooting. The following examples will show how to have a different log file for each class of device.

If you have a large data center, then you may also want to switch off all logging to /var/log/messages as suggested above for the home/SOHO environment. In all the network device configuration examples below we are logging to the remote Linux logging server 192.168.1.100 which we set up in the previous section.

 

Cisco Routers

By default Cisco routers send syslog messages to their logging server with a default facility of local7. We won't set the facility in this case, but we can tell the router to timestamp the messages and make the messages have the source IP address of the loopback interface.

 

service timestamps log datetime localtime
no logging console
no logging monitor
logging 192.168.1.100

 

Catalyst CAT Switches running CATOS

By default Cisco switches also send syslog messages to their logging server with a default facility of local7. We won't change this facility either, therefore making routers and switches log to the same file.

 

set logging server enable
set logging server 192.168.1.100
set logging level all 5
set logging server severity 6

 

Cisco Local Director

Local Directors use the "syslog output" command to set their logging facility and severity. The value provided must be in the format FF.SS (facility.severity) using the numbering scheme below:

 

 

Here we using facility LOCAL4 and logging debugging messages and above.

 

syslog output 20.7
no syslog console
syslog host 192.168.1.100

Cisco PIX Filewalls

PIX firewalls use the following numbering scheme to determine their logging facilities.

 

 

This configuration example assumes that the logging server is connected on the side of the "inside" protected interface. We're sending log messages to facility LOCAL3 with a severity level of 5 (Notification) set by the "logging trap" command.

 

logging on

logging standby

logging timestamp

logging trap notifications

logging facility 19

logging host inside 192.168.1.100

 

Cisco CSS11000 (Arrowpoints)

This configuration for this is more straight forward. You specify the facility with an intuitive number using the "logging host" command and  set the severity with the "logging subsystem" command. This example shows the CSS11000 logging facility LOCAL 6 and severity level 6 (Informational)

 

logging host 192.168.1.100 facility 6
set logging subsystem all info-6
logging commands enable

 

The Sample Cisco syslog.conf File

#

# All LOCAL3 messages (debug and above) go to the firewall file ciscofw

#
local3.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscofw

#
# All LOCAL4 messages  (debug and above) go to the Local Director file ciscold

#

local4.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscold

#
# All LOCAL6 messages  (debug and above) go to the CSS file ciscocss

#

local6.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscocss

#

# All LOCAL7 messages  (debug and above) go to the ciscoacl

# This includes ACL logs which are logged at severity debug
#

local7.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscoacl
 
#

# LOCAL7 messages  (notice and above) go to the ciscoinfo

# This excludes ACL logs which are logged at severity debug
#

local7.notice /var/log/cisco/ciscoinfo